ABSTRACT
Abstract Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are relative rare, affecting neuroendocrine cells throughout the body. Most tumors are diagnosed at advanced stages. NETs prevalence has increased in the last years but there is little data available in developing countries. The aim of this study was to describe symptoms associated with NETs in patients of the Society for the Fight Against Cancer (SOLCA) in Ecuador from 2005 to 2020; using logistic biplots, in a hospital database, generating binary responses (presence/absence) relevant to this study. The results showed that the mean age was 59 and the study showed no difference in prevalence between genders. NETs were mainly found in lungs (19%), followed by stomach (18%) and skin (9%). Most patients had pathological diagnosis G2 and G3 (30% and 70%, respectively). Symptoms as cough, dyspnea, weight loss, diarrhea, constipation, abdominal pain, dyspepsia, hypertensive crisis, distended abdomen and intestinal obstruction had p values <0.05. Additionally, the statistical analysis showed that cough and intestinal obstruction were also common, bearing in mind that patients had most frequent NETs in the lungs and skin. In summary, our results indicate that symptoms of NETs patients were positively associated with lung and skin. Further investigation is needed focusing on the type of NETs and their symptoms in order to establish an early marker for diagnosis.
Resumen Los tumores neuroendocrinos (TNE) son relativamente raros y afectan a las células neuroendocrinas de todo el cuerpo. La mayoría de los tumores se diagnostican en etapas avanzadas. La prevalencia de los TNE ha aumentado en los últimos años, pero hay pocos datos en los países en desarrollo. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar los síntomas asociados a los TNE en pacientes de la Sociedad de Lucha contra el Cáncer (SOLCA) en Ecuador entre 2005 y 2020, utilizando biplots logísticos en una base de datos hospitalaria, generando respuestas binarias (presencia / ausencia) relevantes para este estudio. Los resultados mostraron que la edad promedio era de 59 años y el estudio no encontró diferencias en la prevalencia entre géneros. Los TNE se encontraron con mayor frecuencia en los pulmones (19%), seguidos del estómago (18%) y piel (9%). La mayoría de los pacientes tenían diagnóstico patológico G2 y G3 (30% y 70% respectivamente). Los síntomas como tos, disnea, pérdida de peso, diarrea, estreñimiento, dolor abdominal, dispepsia, crisis hipertensiva, abdomen distendido y obstrucción intestinal tuvieron valores de p <0,05. Además, el análisis estadístico mostró que la tos y la obstrucción intestinal también eran comunes, teniendo en cuenta que los pacientes tenían TNE más frecuentes en los pulmones y la piel. En resumen, nuestros resultados indican que los síntomas de los pacientes con TNE se asociaron positivamente con los pulmones y la piel. Se necesitan más investigaciones que se centren en el tipo de TNE y sus síntomas a fin de establecer un marcador más temprano para el diagnóstico.
ABSTRACT
Colon cancer ranks as one of the most incidental and death malignancies worldwide representing 9% of all new cancer casesworldwide and affecting more than 1 million people every year. Colon cancer is the best-understood tumor from a geneticperspective. In Saudi Arabia, CRC is the second most prevalent kind of cancer, which has been ranked as the first among men(10.6%) and the third among women (8.9%). In 2004, the World Health Organization (WHO) reported a mortality rate ofCRC in Saudi Arabia as 8.3%. Colon cancer screening has proven to be beneficial in terms of occurrence and reduction ofmortality in randomized controlled trials, and it has been recommended by medical organizations either in vulnerable groupsor in populations at risk because of their family background. Although population-based CRC screening has been suggestedemphatically in the average-risk population, compliance rates have not reached to the desirable rates, yet. In order toaccomplish the screening campaign successfully, the target population should be very compliant. There are various factorswhich affect the colorectal cancer screening uptake, including 'sociodemographic', provider and health care system factors,and also psychosocial factors. For increasing the screening participation rate, the target population should be aware of thebenefits of colorectal cancer screening. Information about this disease and the ways to prevent it, has been considered as ameasure of public awareness in several studies. In some examinations, a positive relationship has been found betweenknowledge about colorectal cancer, risk perception, and attitudes (advantages and disadvantages of screening) and thepopulation’s inclination to take part in the colorectal cancer screening campaign. The factors listed are therefore subject tointerference. In fact, intervention studies focusing on the average population have attempted to increase the risk of colorectalcancer absorption by improving general knowledge and adjusting attitudes. In this paper, the factors that influence thetargeting participants’ adherence to colorectal cancer screening and interventions in order to increase screening uptake, havebeen reviewed.
ABSTRACT
Objetivo: Caracterizar o perfil clínico e epidemiológico dos pacientes com câncer de cabeça e pescoço atendidos em um hospital universitário. Métodos: Estudo epidemiológico descritivo e retrospectivo de todos os casos de câncer de cabeça e pescoço diagnosticados no período de agosto de 2009 a agosto de 2014 no setor de Otorrinolaringologia do Hospital Universitário Bettina Ferro de Sousa da Universidade Federal do Pará. Resultados: Dos 81 pacientes selecionados, 88,1% apresentaram carcinoma epidermoide como tipo histológico. A média de idade foi de 60,6 anos e 67% deles se declararam fumantes com tempo médio de 30 anos de tabagismo. Os sintomas mais relatados foram dor local (42%), seguida por disfonia (39%). A localização foi predominantemente laríngea em 35 pacientes (46%), seguida por câncer de boca em 15 (19,7%) pacientes e faringe em 13 (17,1%). Houve predomínio do sexo masculino e idade a partir da quinta década de vida. Conclusão: O tipo histológico predominante de carcinoma epidermoide e a forte associação desses tumores com o tabagismo estiveram de acordo com outros trabalhos sobre o câncer de cabeça e pescoço. A alta incidência de disfonia se deu pela predominância da localização laríngea. Exceto pela predominância de localização laríngea em detrimento das lesões de boca, o presente trabalho se mostra de acordo com os dados da literatura brasileira quanto aos aspectos clínicos e epidemiológicos do câncer de cabeça e pescoço.
Objective: To characterize the clinico-epidemiological profile of patients with head and neck cancer treated in a university hospital. Methods: descriptive and retrospective epidemiological study of all cases of head and neck câncer diagnosed in the period of August 2009 to August 2014 in the Otorhinolaryngology department of Hospital Universitário Bettina Ferro de Sousa in Universidade Federal do Pará. Results: Of the 81 patients selected, 88.1% had squamous cell carcinoma as histological type. The mean age was 60.6 years, and 67% of them reported being smokers for an average of 30 years of smoking. The most reported symptoms were local pain (42%), followed by dysphonia (39%). The location was predominantly laryngeal in 35 patients (46%), followed by oral cancer in 15 (19.7%), and pharyngeal in 13 (17.1%) patients. There was a predominance of male gender, and age from the fifth decade of life. Conclusion: The predominant histological type of squamous cell carcinoma and the strong association of these tumors with smoking are consistent with other works on head and neck cancer. The high incidence of dysphonia was due to the prevalence of laryngeal location. This study showed to be in accordance with data from the Brazilian literature regarding the clinical and epidemiological aspects of head and neck cancer, except for the predominance of laryngeal location over mouth lesions.